原文：
              一是重复建设严重，专业化程度低，形不成规模，经济效益差 机械基础件与主机相比，企业建立的初始资金和技术所需投入相对较少，因此在国家几次经济大发展时期，都增加了一批基础件生产企业，蝶阀随之也出现了大量低水平的重复建设，点多、批量小，形不成经济规模。基础件企业虽然逐渐独立于主机厂，但大多数企业本身就是大而全、小而全，专业化程度低，装备水平不高，质量不稳定，经济效益低下。如我国轴承行业三家大型骨干企业年产轴承的总和还不到国外一家闻名公司的50。近两年，我国建成近百家液压件厂，但年产30万件以上的只有几家，主要截止阀产品是为农机配套。而德国力士乐公司年产各种液压件产品130万件，日本油研也年产60万件以上。工业发达国家模具企业人均产值约15万～20万美元，我国只有4万～5万元人民币。近年来，随着多种所有制共同发展政策的落实，基础件行业正经历着由分散到逐渐集中的集约化发展过程。

             二是科研开发力量薄弱，资金投入不足，技术进步缓慢 基础件各行业在20世纪70年代末、止回阀80年代初就较早地引进了一批国外先进技术，但对消化吸收缺乏足够的软硬件投入。据国外经验，引进技术与消化吸收所需资金的比例约为1:7，而我国对此熟悉较晚，消化吸收步子较慢。市场竞争实际上是技术实力的较量。国外对此极为重视，闸阀纷纷加大投入，占领技术制高点。各大闻名公司用于科研开发的资金均占其销售额的4～5，重点领域达10。目前我国虽然有不少高等院校从事科研工作，不少理论研究、科研成果、专利论文均有相当高的水平，但与生产实际结合的不紧，非凡是转化成商品的速度慢。

              三是原材料及相关技术落后，安全阀 工艺及工艺装备水平低，制约了基础件的发展 紧固件、链条、弹簧、轴承、模具等产品所使用的钢材质量差、品种规格少，直接影响了基础件产品的质量，而液压件铸件以及与液压件产品质量相关的电控技术落后，也直接影响液压件质量和可靠性。机械基础件一般都是成批、 球阀大量生产，也有多品种、加工精度要求高的产品，因此对生产工艺及其装备要求高，投资大。国外多采用高效高精度的专机、生产线或柔性线，实现高效自动化生产。但我国一些基础件企业受资金制约，投入力度不大，企业自我改造能力差，先进设备少又不配套，影响了产品上质量上档次。

“ Analysis of China's machinery industry of the problems existing valve ”是由中国旋塞阀网提供的国际阀门新闻，译文仅供参考。另外，中国旋塞阀网还提供相关产品搜索： 二通旋塞阀、 三通旋塞阀、 油密封旋塞阀、 更多旋塞阀产品、 旋塞阀价格、等。

译文：
            First, serious overlapping, low degree of specialization, not form scale, low economic efficiency Machine Components, compared with the host enterprises to establish an initial financial and technical inputs required is relatively small, so the country several times 经济 great period of development, have increased number of basic pieces of production enterprises, accompanied this was a large number of low- level of duplication, with many points, volume is small, not form economies of scale. Basic pieces of business, while gradually independent of the OE, but most of the enterprise itself Ball Valvesis large and, small but complete, low degree of specialization, the level of equipment is not high, the quality of instability, low economic efficiency. If China's bearing industry bearing three large-scale backbone enterprises produce less than the sum of a famous foreign company 50. Last two years, built nearly a hundred Hydraulic Component Factory in China, but the annual output of 300,000 or more only a few, mainly agricultural products is matching. The company's annual output of Germany Rexroth hydraulic items 1.3 million, Japan has an annual output of oil research forforged Gate, Globe, Check Valves more than 600,000. Industrialized countries die of about 150 000 companies per capita output to 20 million, China's only 4 million to 50 thousand yuan. In recent years, with a variety of common ownership of development policies, basic components industry is experiencing a gradual concentration of the dispersed intensive development process. Second, weak research and development, insufficient capital investment, technological progress is slow Basic pieces of various industries in the 20th century, late 70s, early 80s to early to introduce a number of foreign Resilient Seated Gate Valvesadvanced technology, but the lack of adequate absorption of the hardware and software investment. According to foreign experience, required for digestion and absorption of imported technology and capital ratio of approximately 1:7, but China later this familiar, slow digestion and absorption steps. Technical strength of competition in the market is actually a contest. Have attached great importance to foreign, have increased investment, occupy high ground. Various well-known company for research and development funds account for its sales of 4 to 5, 10 priority areas. Although many universities currentlyCast Gate, Globe, Check Valves engaged in our research work, a lot of theoretical research, scientific research, patents, papers have fairly high levels, but combined with the actual production is not tight, the extraordinary is slowly transformed into commodities. Third, and related raw materials, backward technology, low level of technology and technological equipment, the foundation of the development constraints Fasteners, chains, springs, bearings, dies and other products used by the poor quality steel, specifications less direct impact on the quality of basic items, while the hydraulic pressure and hydraulic pressure castings and quality of products related to electronic control, backward technology, also directly affect the quality and reliability of hydraulic parts. Mechanical parts are generally based on batch, mass Automatic Control Valvesproduction, but also more variety, high precision machining products, and therefore requires high technology and equipment production, large investment. Foreign multi-use high efficiency and precision of the plane, line or soft line for efficient automated production. However, some basic pieces of our business by financial constraints, input small businesses transform themselves poor, less advanced equipment not matching, affect product quality and quality.

原文来源：http://www.1xuansaifa.com/

2010-08-30 06:15

返回